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The principle of least privilege is a foundational concept in Zero Trust Network Access (ZTNA) that ensures users are granted the minimum levels of access necessary to perform their tasks. In the context of granting access to private applications, this principle means that users are only allowed access to the resources that they need for their specific role or function, thereby reducing the potential attack surface.

By applying the principle of least privilege, organizations can effectively mitigate risks associated with excessive permissions, such as unauthorized access and potential misuse of sensitive data. In a ZTNA framework, this principle helps create a more secure environment by ensuring that each user's access rights are strictly controlled and regularly reviewed to align with their current job responsibilities.

While the other principles may touch on aspects of network security, they do not specifically target the targeted and restricted nature of access to private applications in the same way the principle of least privilege does. General access principles may refer more broadly to allowances for access, maximum connectivity focuses on broad connectivity instead of restrictions, and user authentication, while crucial for verifying identity, does not inherently limit access based on necessity. Thus, the principle of least privilege is the most relevant and essential principle for ZTNA access controls.